Start with Windows Storage
Open Settings → System → Storage. Windows groups usage into installed apps, temporary files, documents, pictures and other categories. This overview is helpful for direction, but it may not reveal the exact folder or file responsible for the increase.
Use a disk space analyzer for folder-level detail
A large-file scanner can sort results by size and reveal nested folders that are difficult to discover manually. Scan the C drive, review the largest folders first and note the full path for each result.